The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is a multilateral development finance institution
founded in 1966 to promote social and economic progress in its developing member
countries in Asia and the Pacific (see ADB’s website: http://www.adb.org/about/main).
2.2 ADB’s principal functions are
- lending funds,
- providing grants,
- providing technical assistance and advisory services,
- promoting investments for development purposes, and
- assisting in coordinating the development policies and plans of developing
member countries.
Inquiries
2.3 Loan disbursement is handled by the Loan Administration Division of the Controller’s
Department.
2.4 For loan service payments and billing matters, inquiries are addressed to the
Accounting Division of the Controller’s Department.
Loan or Grant Regulations
3.4 The regulations4
further set out conditions for the use of loan or grant proceeds
financed by ADB, or proceeds administered by ADB.
5
These documents are expressly
incorporated in the associated loan agreement, guarantee agreement, or grant
agreement. If any provision of a loan agreement, guarantee agreement, or grant
agreement is inconsistent with a provision of these regulations, the provision of the
loan agreement, guarantee agreement, or grant agreement governs.
Loan Documents
3.5 Loan documents
6
include the following documents and agreements:
ȕ Thereport and recommendation of the President to the Board of Directors
(RRP) presents the project proposal for consideration by the ADB Board.
ȕ Theproject administration manual (PAM)
7
includes all the information and
schedules describing project implementation and project readiness filters
covering major preproject implementation actions (e.g., government approvals,
procurement, and resettlement) to ensure a rapid start-up and enable early
disbursement. It is mandatory
8
that the PAM be referenced in the RRP and in
the loan (or facility) agreements, is presented as a stand-alone linked document
to the RRP, and serves as the main document describing implementation details.
The PAM is prepared in the course of loan processing and initially agreed with
the government at the loan fact-finding stage. At loan negotiations, the borrower
and ADB shall review and confirm the PAM agreed during loan fact-finding to
ensure consistency with the loan agreement, and such confirmation shall be
reflected in the minutes of the loan negotiations. The detailed cost estimate by
financier (one schedule included in the PAM) is prepared based on Section J6 of
the ADB Operations Manual (Appendix 3A).
9
Related illustrative tables are also
provided in this handbook (Appendix 3B).

Accompany “The First Bank of the United States: A Chapter in the History of Central Banking”

7:54 AM    




Lesson Description

In this lesson, through a reader’s theater, students learn about the economics of the early
United States and the debate between Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson over the
founding of the first Bank of the United States.  They examine quotations from Hamilton’s and
Jefferson’s letters to President Washington and the arguments each man is trying to make
about the need for and constitutionality of the bill to incorporate the bank. They read the
booklet “The First Bank of the United States” to learn about the founding of the first Bank of
the United States, the financial crisis associated with the bank’s stock subscription, the bank’s
operations, and the way it influenced the early American economy. The students learn to read
primary sources by examining letters written in the 1790s about the First Bank and its
operations. In the final activity, the students learn about the First Bank’s influence on the
availability of credit in the early American economy by examining simple banking scenarios.
Content Standards

  National Standards in Economics
  Standard 10: Students will understand that institutions evolve in market economies
to help individuals and groups accomplish their goals. Banks, labor unions,
corporations, legal systems, and not‐for‐profit organizations are examples of
important institutions. A different kind of institution, clearly defined property rights,
is essential to a market economy.
  Benchmark 1, Grade 4: Banks are institutions where people save money and
earn interest, and where other people borrow money and pay interest.
  Benchmark 1, Grade 8: Banks and other financial institutions channel funds from
savers to borrowers and investors.
  Standard 11: Students will understand that money makes it easier to trade, borrow,
save, invest, and compare the value of goods and services.
  Benchmark 1, Grade 12: The basic money supply in the United States consists of
currency, coins, and checking account deposits.
  Benchmark 2, Grade 12: In many economies, when banks make loans, the money
supply increases; when loans are paid off, the money supply decreases.